How to meet the requirement for ripple & noise when using low-power converters?

Low-power converters have a higher requirement for ripple & noise which need further filtering. 

There are the following measures: 

(1) add a capacitor at the output terminal (the function of the capacitor is to further lower ripple & noise with a relatively low frequency); 

2) add a PI filter at the output terminal by filtering methods of capacitor + DM inductor + capacitor  OR capacitor + CM inductor + capacitor (this method lowers ripple & noise at the same time. If the frequency of the noise is high, it is recommended to use the pattern of capacitor + CM inductor + capacitor);

 (3) customers can choose a power module whose output voltage is one grade higher and add an LDO to reduce ripple & noise (for instance, customers practically need a 3.3V output power module but there are demanding requirements for ripple & noise. Please recommend customer to choose a 5V output power module and add an LDO to lower it to 3.3V, and the LDO can lower ripple & noise).

What are the minimum starting current and input current of a module?

The starting current of a module is generally about 1.4-1.6 times that of the Iin (max). The increase of capacitive load of the output terminal will also increase the starting current value of the module. It is recommended to select the forestage power supply with higher power. For the minimum input current in the unloading condition, please check the ‘No-load current’ section in the datasheet of the corresponding module.

The module fails to start up when the capacitive load is relatively large. How to solve it?

In practical application, the capacitive load exceeds the maximum capacitive load of operating module. In addition, when the output capacitance is extremely large, large starting current is required at the moment of start-up, resulting in the failure of starting the module.

It is recommended to decrease the connected capacitance of the output terminal or add a buffer circuit at the output terminal to improve the capacity of the module to withstand capacitive load

What problems will be caused and how to avoid them if a module starts up with an input voltage lower than the minimum rated one?

The module may be damaged when it starts up at a voltage that is lower than that of input voltage range. Because there is no under-voltage protective circuits for the wide input voltage converters. 

The starting voltage should be determined on the basis of the threshold voltage of MOSFET and soft starting circuit, and the starting voltage of the MOSFET is 2V or more lower than that of the minimum input voltage of the module.

In this circumstance, lower voltage input requires higher input current so as to supply equal power; the power module is susceptible to damage in a higher input current condition.

(1) It should be ensured that the actual input voltage is in the rated range specified in the datasheet; 

(2) it is recommended to add an input under-voltage protective circuit on the front-terminal of the module in accordance with the Wide Input Voltage DC/DC Converter Application Guide.

Why is there high noise when the fixed input voltage product is used as the power source of the relay?

There is high reflected ripple during the operation of the relay. 

It is recommended to implement some filtering measures or add a Y capacitor between the input and output grounds.

Why are there high ripple & noise when the power module powers an analog-digital conversion system?

The analog ground and digital ground are not separate, so there are high ripple & noise. 

The single point grounding method is recommended.

A customer uses a fixed voltage module to supply power to the operational amplifier (used as collection). Will the ripple & noise of the converters be high?

The switching power converter stores energy by inductors and capacitors, which will inevitably cause some ripple & noise during the output. 

Customers can implement appropriate filtering measures if they worry about excessive ripple & noise. Please refer to the datasheet for recommended circuits and parameters, or apply our SEN circuit products (about 40 mV) and then add filtering. If the converters with extremely low ripple & noise are required, it is recommended to use the LDO (uV stage) with high precision and low ripple output.

What is the possible reason for the surface temperature rise of the power module case?

The temperature rise of the power module case depends on the efficiency and loss of the module, and the surrounding environment temperature. Under the normal circumstance, the temperature for power module will remain stable within 30 to 60 minutes upon start-up. The temperature rise is continuously ascending in the earlier stage. If the power module is in a confined space without an effective heat consumption output, the environment temperature will keep rising due to the presence of the heating elements, which also causes the temperature rise of the module.

Why do the positive and negative voltages change when the load of AC/DC positive and negative dual output products is unbalanced?

AC/DC multi- output products generally apply single output feedback design. The output voltage without feedback will fluctuate when the output load is unbalanced. Most of our AC/DC positive and negative dual output products adopt negative output voltage feedback design, so a load imbalance will cause a change in positive output voltages.

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